2013北京高语文备考-作文材料1
高三语文作文材料1
1、谭嗣同
关键词:理想、追求、爱国、抉择……
谭嗣同,“戊戌六君子”之一,1898年变法失败后被杀,年仅三十三岁。
谭嗣同是湖南浏阳人,中国近代资产阶级著名的政治家、思想家,维新志士。主张中国要强盛,只有发展民族工商业,学习西方资产阶级的政治制度。公开提出废科举、兴学校、开矿藏、修铁路、办工厂、改官制等变法维新的主张。写文章抨击清政府的卖国投降政策。
读书交友
读书务求广博,好讲经世济民的学问,文章写得很有才华。对传统的时文八股非常反感,曾在课本上写下“岂有此理”几个字。他仰慕那些锄强济弱的草莽英雄,曾和当时北京的一个“义侠”大刀王五结交,二人成为生死不渝的挚友。
少年游历
1884年,游历各省,观察风土,结交名士。劳动人民反封建斗争精神的濡染,开阔了他的视野,使他的思想富于斗争性。1888年,他在著名学者刘人熙的指导下开始认真研究王夫之等人的著作,汲取其中的民主性精华和唯物色彩的思想,同时又广为搜罗和阅读当时介绍西方科学、史地、政治的书籍,丰富自己。
参与变法
中日签订了丧权辱国的《马关条约》。康有为联合在京参加会试的1000多名举人上书清政府,要求拒和、迁都、变法。谭嗣同坚决反对签订和约,对清政府“竟忍以四百兆人民之身家性命一举而弃之”的妥协行径极为愤慨。
1897年夏秋间,谭嗣同写成重要著作《仁学》,它是维新派的第一部哲学著作。书中愤怒地抨击了封建君主专制所造成的“惨祸烈毒”和三纲五常对人性的摧残压抑。书中说,对于那些昏暴的专制君主,不仅可以不为其尽忠死节,而且可以“人人得而戮之”。
1898年初,接受了倾向维新的湖南巡抚陈宝箴的邀请,回到湖南协助举办新政。他首先加强了时务学堂中维新派力量。自己担任了分教习,协助任总教习的梁启超,在教学中大力宣传变法革新理论(孔子改制、平等、民权等学说)。向学生灌输革命意识,使时务学堂真正成了培养维新志士的机构。
创建了维新团体南学会。南学会以联合南方各省维新力量,讲求爱国之理和救亡之法为宗旨,“演说万国大势及政学原理”。为了加强变法理论的宣传,他还创办了《湘报》,以“新政人才”而闻名。
1898年9月18日,谭嗣同夜访袁世凯,要袁带兵入京,除掉顽固派。袁世凯假惺惺地表示先回天津除掉荣禄,然后率兵入京。袁世凯于20日晚赶回天津,向荣禄告密,西太后发动政变捉拿维新派。谭嗣同听到政变消息后并不惊慌,置自己的安危于不顾,多方活动,筹谋营救光绪帝。但措手不及,计划均告落空。在这种情况下,他决心以死来殉变法事业,用自己的牺牲去向封建顽固势力作最后一次反抗。日本使馆曾派人与他联系,表示可以为他提供“保护”,他毅然回绝,并对来人说:“各国变法无不从流血而成,今日中国未闻有因变法而流血者,此国之所以不昌也。有之,请自嗣同始。”
英勇就义
“谭在狱中,意气自若,终日绕行室中,拾地上煤屑,就粉墙作书,问何为?笑曰:作诗耳。”
“我自横刀向天笑,去留肝胆两昆仑”是他临刑前写在监狱墙壁上的一首绝命诗。“去留肝胆两昆仑”是谭嗣同临刑之前抒发的绝唱。意谓是我生为变法而生,死为变法而死,一生一死是一副忠肝义胆,像昆仑那样高耸。生如昆仑,死如昆仑。就义于北京宣武门外菜市口,临终时神色不变,大声说:“有心杀贼,无力回天,死得其所,快哉快哉!”充分表现了一位爱国志士舍身报国的英雄气概。
【我的感悟】
2.左拉
关键词:爱国、拼搏、苦难、勇气、正直、公正、抉择、仁爱……
19世纪法国批判现实主义作家,自然主义流派杰出代表,代表作《娜娜》《萌芽》,屠格涅夫、都德、福楼拜的好友。
出身贫穷,屡遭挫折
左拉参加中学毕业会考失败,其后两年,备尝失业辛酸,也因此体验了劳苦大众的生活,为日后的文学创作准备了条件。年轻时的左拉很穷。为了抵挡饥饿,他拿捕雀器在屋顶上捉麻雀,用挂窗帘的铁丝将麻雀串起来在火上烤着吃。为了坚持写作,他把仅有的几件衣服也送进了当铺,只能用被子来御寒。偶尔得到一个蜡烛头,他竟会如过节似的高兴,因为当夜可以读书写作了。他终于写成了轰动一时的《卢贡?马卡尔家族》。有人面对贫穷时会一蹶不振,有人却能以贫穷为动力,实现自己的目标。左拉为我们树立了榜样。
(如果你想一生摆脱苦难,你就得是神或者是死尸,想想他人的不幸,你就能坦然面对人生。——古雅典剧作家 米南德 )
寻求公正,扶助弱小
1894年法国陆军上尉,犹太人德雷福斯被法国军事法庭以泄密罪判处终身流放。1896年,有关情报机关查出一名德国间谍与此案有涉,得出德雷福斯无罪的结论。但是战争部及军事法庭不但无意纠错,而且极力掩盖事实真相,调离该情报机关负责人,公然判处真正泄密的德国间谍无罪。
为此,著名作家左拉挺身而出,接连发表《告青年书》、《告法国书》直至致总统的公开信,即有名的《我控诉》,由此引发整个法国争取社会公正的运动。军方以“诬陷罪”起诉左拉,接着判处左拉一年徒刑和3000法郎的罚金。左拉被迫流亡英国,一年后返回法国,继续与军方斗争。直到1906年,即左拉逝世四年后,蒙冤长达12年的德雷福斯才获正式昭雪。
议论:
左拉受到法国乃至全世界的赞誉是理所当然的。
因为他是如此不遗余力地为一个与自己毫无瓜葛,同整个军队和国家相比实在渺小不足道的人说话,维护他的权利、名誉与尊严;
因为他敢于以一己的力量向一个拥有强大威权的阴谋集团挑战,而正是这个集团,利用现存的制度,纠集形形色色的邪恶势力,极力扼杀共和主义、社会正义和自由理想;
还因为他不惜以抛弃已有的荣誉和安逸的生活为代价,不怕走上法庭,不怕围攻,不怕监禁和流放,而把这场势力悬殊的壮举坚持到最后一息。为维护法兰西精神而反对法兰西,这是不同寻常的。
马克?吐温写道:“一些教会和军事法庭多由懦夫、伪君子和趋炎附势之徒所组成;这样的人一年之中就可以造出一百万个,而造就出一个贞德或者一个左拉,却需要五百年!”如果目睹了人类生命质量的差异之大,应当承认,这些话也不算什么溢美之辞。
联想(相似):左拉-谭嗣同(爱国);左拉-范仲淹(困境中的奋斗);左拉-林觉民(牺牲精神)
联想(相逆):左拉-周作人(爱国-叛国/勇敢无畏-屈服妥协)
提问:你最欣赏左拉的什么品质,为什么?
3、米勒
关键词:抗争、贫困、财富、奋斗、价值……
让·弗朗索瓦·米勒(1814-1875)是19世纪法国画坛上别具风格、自成一家的农民画家。
巴黎求学
他出生在诺曼底省的一个农民家庭,青年时代种过田。23岁时到巴黎,师从于画家德拉罗什。画室里的同学都瞧不起他,说他是“土气的山里人”。老师也看不惯他,常斥责他:“你似乎全知道,但又全不知道。”(思考:如何面对否定、斥责、质疑?)
走进卢浮
这位乡下来的年轻人实在厌恶巴黎,说这个城市简直就是杂乱荒芜的大沙漠,只有卢浮宫才是艺术的“绿洲”。当他走进卢浮宫的大厅时惊喜地说:“我好像不知不觉地来到一个艺术王国,这里的一切使我的幻想变成了现实。”(思考:理想与现实。)
生活穷困
米勒在巴黎贫困潦倒,亡妻的打击和穷困压得他透不过气来。为了生存,他用素描去换鞋子穿,用油画去换床睡觉,还曾为接生婆画招牌去换点钱。(思考:生存与理想。)为了迎合资产者的感官刺激,他还画过庸俗低级的裸女。有一次他听到人们议论他说:“这就是那个除了画下流裸体、别的什么也不会画的米勒。”这使他伤透了心。从此他下决心不再迎合任何人了,坚决走自己的艺术道路。(思考:生存与理想;迎合他人与走自我的路。)
迁居乡村
巴黎流行黑热病,米勒携家迁居到巴黎郊区枫丹白露附近的巴比松村,这时他已35岁。在巴比松村他结识了科罗、卢梭、特罗容等画家,在这个穷困闭塞的乡村,他一住就是27年之久。(思考:梦想与年龄。)
米勒对大自然和农村生活有一种特殊的深厚感情,他早起晚归,上午在田间劳动,下午就在不大通光的小屋子里作画。他的生活异常困苦,但这并没有减弱他对艺术的酷爱和追求,他常常由于没钱买颜料就自己制造木炭条画素描。
爱与艺术
他爱生活、爱劳动、爱农民,他曾说过:“无论如何农民这个题材对于我是最合适的。”他在巴比松的第一幅代表作品是《播种者》。以后相继创作了《拾麦穗》和《晚钟》等名作。(思考:如何处理生存的困境与对理想的坚持这对永恒的矛盾;艺术与生活的关系。)
补充
米勒的作品曾一次次地被拒绝。直到1867年在巴黎博览会上才获得了社会的第一次承认,人们逐渐认识了米勒艺术的真正价值。米勒一生中物质生活极为不幸,有时甚至几幅作品仅换得一双小孩子的鞋。而他死后,法国为购回《晚钟》一画,竟花了80多万法郎。
附:《晚钟》简介:(语言表达练习-描写、联想想象)
在广袤无垠的土地上,垂立着一对夫妇,在落日余晖的映照下与地平线相交,酷似竖着的两付十字架,他们日出而作日落而归,用汗水浇灌这贫瘠的土地。远远地平线上,教堂钟楼传来晚祷的钟声,该收工了,他们和往常一样默默地祈祷上帝的保佑,日复一日,年复一年,就这样无怨无悔、平静地生活着。教堂的钟声在大地上回响,空旷的宇宙一片宁静,整个画面展现一派庄严圣洁的气氛。这对农民夫妇心平气和,顺天安命,从不为生活的艰辛而谴责命运,对未来也无奢望,这就是米勒笔下的法国农民。画面情调低沉,在米勒的画中从不见欢乐,因为在画家的生活中从来就没有过欢乐,他自己曾说过:“欢乐从不在我面前出现,我从未见到过它,我所知道最愉快的事情就是静谧和沉默。”
4、齐奥尔科夫斯基
关键词:苦难、不幸、抗争、勤奋、博学、自强……
在人类航天历史上,有三位科学家的名字将被永远铭记,他们是:俄国的康斯坦丁·齐奥尔科夫斯基、美国的罗伯特·戈达德和德国的赫尔曼·奥伯特。
齐奥尔科夫斯基少年时患猩红热病而耳聋,被赶出学校。但他靠图书馆自学,来完成对自我的教育。最终他写出了建立起了航天学的理论基础的论文,成为“宇宙之父”。
(德国诗人海涅生前最后八年是在“被褥的坟墓”中度过的,他手足不能动弹,眼睛半瞎,但生命之火不灭,吟出了大量誉满人间的优秀诗篇。)
不幸失聪
10岁的时候,齐奥尔科夫斯基在滑雪的时候得了严重的感冒,导致猩红热,最终几乎完全失去了听觉。从那以后,康斯坦丁与外界几乎隔绝了。康斯坦丁回忆说:“我的耳朵近乎全聋,因此成了邻近的儿童们嘲笑的对象。这个生理缺陷使我同人们疏远了,但却使我发奋读书,用幻想来忘却所有的烦恼。”
勤奋求学
在齐奥尔科夫斯基16岁的那年,父亲送他到莫斯科去求学。他在莫斯科的三年多时间里完全钻进图书馆里。家里每月给他寄来15卢布生活费、学习费,但他只吃最简单的面包和蔬菜,把余下的钱都买了书和实验用品。他自学了解析几何、高等代数和微积分,学习了物理化学和力学,还以极大的兴趣学习天文学甚至大量阅读小说和杂志。
辉煌业绩
齐奥尔科夫斯基于1898年完成了航天学经典性的研究论文《利用喷气工具研究宇宙空间》,又于1910、1911、1912和1914发表了多篇论文。这些著作系统地建立起了航天学的理论基础。
齐奥尔科夫斯基对星际航行问题进行了研究和展望。在1911年发表的论文中,他详细地描述了载人宇宙飞船从发射到进入轨道的全过程,内容涉及飞船起飞时的壮观景象,超重和失重对宇航员的影响,失重状态下物体的奇异表现,不同的高度看地球的迷人景观、天空的景色等。人们读起他的著作来有如亲临宇宙飞船登天的感觉。
附录:
路漫漫其修远兮,吾将上下而求索——屈原
如果你想一生摆脱苦难,你就得是神或者是死尸,想想他人的不幸,你就能坦然面对人生。——古雅典剧作家 米南德
对于害怕危险的人,这个世界上总是危险的。——英国剧作家 萧伯纳
小困难,大声叫嚷;大困难,闷声不响。——古罗马哲学家 尼加
灾难就像刀子,握住刀柄就可以为我们服务,拿住刀刃则会割破手。——美国女诗人、批评家洛威尔
除了我们自己以外,没有人能贬低我们。如果我们坚强,就没有什么不良影响能够打败我们。——美国教育家华盛顿
从希望中得到欢乐,在苦难中保持坚韧。——美国总统肯尼迪
accountable for the violation, Had a negative impact on society. Corrective measures: (LED Leadership: Luo Mingjun, rectification time: before September 25th, insist for a long time) 1, the initiative to accept social supervision. Give full play to the role of the news media, widely publicized safety production areas to carry out the four winds special significance, focus, work measures, dynamic work, the report published telephone. Launched the employees and the whole social supervision and reporting production safety and harm the interests of the masses, the formation of a strong prevention and treatment of the special rectification work atmosphere. 2, enhance political concentration. To strengthen the ideological and political construction, always adhere to the correct political line, politics Governance position, political orientation, political road, continuously enhance political acumen and political discernment, firm road confidence, theory system of self-confidence and self-confidence. To further strengthen the theory of armed Marx doctrine of Chinese consciously use the latest achievements of the armed mind, guide practice and promote the work. With a high degree of political consciousness, the Bureau take the lead in-depth study to implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinpings important speech series, and timely to the cadres and workers to study and implement of special supervision and inspection. 3, focus on remediation Yung lazy, scattered. Cadres and carry out mediocre, lazy, scattered special rectification action, strengthen dedication, strong quality, The tree image, team spirit and the socialist core values education, vigorously to create a pioneering spirit, unity and struggle, serious and lively atmosphere. Take a thorough investigation, and severely punish free, absenteeism, tardiness, AWOL behavior, and resolutely put an end to work time on the Internet stocks, playing games, watching entertainment phenomenon. (five) are failing to buck passing the problem of lack of awareness of the overall situation. The individual members of the team too much emphasis on personal interests and the interests of small groups, prior conditions, the first hit small abacus. The lack of big talk about the principle of small speaking style, have something to say, not behind talking about, no more Tricks of consciousness and self-discipline, relegates, passing each other, not unite to form a good atmosphere, and sometimes even against each other. A few members of the team that is the power sector in the safety supervision department, safety supervision department is working to better cope with personal interests, perfunctory in the daily supervision process, the illegal behavior of enterprise there do not want to offend people speak hard, to relax the stringent requirements of the enterprise. The rectification measures: (LED Le
accountable for the violation, Had a negative impact on society. Corrective measures: (LED Leadership: Luo Mingjun, rectification time: before September 25th, insist for a long time) 1, the initiative to accept social supervision. Give full play to the role of the news media, widely publicized safety production areas to carry out the four winds special significance, focus, work measures, dynamic work, the report published telephone. Launched the employees and the whole social supervision and reporting production safety and harm the interests of the masses, the formation of a strong prevention and treatment of the special rectification work atmosphere. 2, enhance political concentration. To strengthen the ideological and political construction, always adhere to the correct political line, politics Governance position, political orientation, political road, continuously enhance political acumen and political discernment, firm road confidence, theory system of self-confidence and self-confidence. To further strengthen the theory of armed Marx doctrine of Chinese consciously use the latest achievements of the armed mind, guide practice and promote the work. With a high degree of political consciousness, the Bureau take the lead in-depth study to implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinpings important speech series, and timely to the cadres and workers to study and implement of special supervision and inspection. 3, focus on remediation Yung lazy, scattered. Cadres and carry out mediocre, lazy, scattered special rectification action, strengthen dedication, strong quality, The tree image, team spirit and the socialist core values education, vigorously to create a pioneering spirit, unity and struggle, serious and lively atmosphere. Take a thorough investigation, and severely punish free, absenteeism, tardiness, AWOL behavior, and resolutely put an end to work time on the Internet stocks, playing games, watching entertainment phenomenon. (five) are failing to buck passing the problem of lack of awareness of the overall situation. The individual members of the team too much emphasis on personal interests and the interests of small groups, prior conditions, the first hit small abacus. The lack of big talk about the principle of small speaking style, have something to say, not behind talking about, no more Tricks of consciousness and self-discipline, relegates, passing each other, not unite to form a good atmosphere, and sometimes even against each other. A few members of the team that is the power sector in the safety supervision department, safety supervision department is working to better cope with personal interests, perfunctory in the daily supervision process, the illegal behavior of enterprise there do not want to offend people speak hard, to relax the stringent requirements of the enterprise. The rectification measures: (LED Le
accountable for the violation, Had a negative impact on society. Corrective measures: (LED Leadership: Luo Mingjun, rectification time: before September 25th, insist for a long time) 1, the initiative to accept social supervision. Give full play to the role of the news media, widely publicized safety production areas to carry out the four winds special significance, focus, work measures, dynamic work, the report published telephone. Launched the employees and the whole social supervision and reporting production safety and harm the interests of the masses, the formation of a strong prevention and treatment of the special rectification work atmosphere. 2, enhance political concentration. To strengthen the ideological and political construction, always adhere to the correct political line, politics Governance position, political orientation, political road, continuously enhance political acumen and political discernment, firm road confidence, theory system of self-confidence and self-confidence. To further strengthen the theory of armed Marx doctrine of Chinese consciously use the latest achievements of the armed mind, guide practice and promote the work. With a high degree of political consciousness, the Bureau take the lead in-depth study to implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinpings important speech series, and timely to the cadres and workers to study and implement of special supervision and inspection. 3, focus on remediation Yung lazy, scattered. Cadres and carry out mediocre, lazy, scattered special rectification action, strengthen dedication, strong quality, The tree image, team spirit and the socialist core values education, vigorously to create a pioneering spirit, unity and struggle, serious and lively atmosphere. Take a thorough investigation, and sev
- VIP免费下载
- 下载文档
- 收藏
- 分享 赏
- 0
文档评论(0)